docker镜像相关命令

https://www.cnblogs.com/caodan01/category/2005170.html
## **docker镜像相关命令**

### **1.常用镜像仓库**

#1.官方仓库：hub.docker.com#2.自己的私有仓库：Harbor#3.阿里云私有仓库：registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

### **2).探索镜像**

#格式：

docker search [镜像ID|名称]

搜索镜像默认在官方镜像仓库中搜索

#实例：

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11171 [OK]

mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4242 [OK]

mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 832 [OK]

NAME ： 镜像名称

DESCRIPTION ： 镜像描述

STARS ： 收藏个数

OFFICIAL ： 是否是官方构建镜像

AUTOMATED：是否是自构建镜像

#参数：

--limit : 查询出几条

-f ： 指定字段

--no-trunc ：显示所有的简介

#参数案例

[root@docker ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10637 [OK]

mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 3991 [OK]

### **3).拉取镜像**

#格式：

docker pull [镜像名称]

docker pull [仓库URL]/[仓库命名空间]/[仓库名称]:[版本号]

如：docker pull mysql:5.7

默认的URL：index.docker.io

默认的命名空间：library

index.docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

#实例：

[root@docker ~]# docker pull redis

Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag.默认就是latest

latest: Pulling from library/redis

#镜像层

a076a628af6f: Already exists

f40dd07fe7be: Pull complete

ce21c8a3dbee: Pull complete

ee99c35818f8: Pull complete

56b9a72e68ff: Pull complete

3f703e7f380f: Pull complete

#镜像ID号（镜像ID号是全球唯一）

Digest: sha256:0f97c1c9daf5b69b93390ccbe8d3e2971617ec4801fd0882c72bf7cad3a13494 #签名

#镜像下载状态

Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest

#镜像的全称（镜像的tag）

docker.io/library/redis:latest

### **4).查看当前系统上有哪些镜像**

#格式

docker images 或者 docker image ls

解释：查看当前系统中所有的镜像列表

#参数

-q : 只显示镜像ID

[root@docker ~]# docker images -q

621ceef7494a

f6d0b4767a6c

#案例：

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

nginx latest 08b152afcfae 3 days ago 133MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker image ls

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

nginx latest 08b152afcfae 3 days ago 133MB

REPOSITORY：镜像名称

TAG ： 版本号（默认最新版本号为：latest）

IMAGE ID ：镜像ID

CREATED ：创建距离现在的时间段

SIZE ： 镜像大小

### **5).查看镜像的详细信息**

#格式

docker inspect [镜像名称或镜像ＩＤ]

docker inspect mysql:5.7

#参数

-f : 格式化输出

[root@docker ~]# docker inspect -f '{{.Id}}' mysql:5.7 #获取某一项信息

sha256:621ceef7494adfcbe0e523593639f6625795cc0dc91a750629367a8c7b3ccebb

[root@docker ~]# docker inspect -f '{{.ContainerConfig.Hostname}}' redis

16535cfaf84a#‘.’相当于linux里的根===路径

### **6).登录镜像仓库**

#格式

docker login [镜像的URL] #默认情况下，docker login登录的是官方仓库，如果登录其他镜像仓库则需要指定镜像仓库的URL连接。

#实例#1,先在官网上登录#2,在xshell主机上登录

[root@docker ~]# docker login docker.io

Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.

Username: caodan999

Password: ......

WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.

Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

#可以查看dockerhub的密码

[root@docker ~]# cat /root/.docker/config.json

{

"auths": {

"https://index.docker.io/v1/": {

"auth": "Y2FvZGFuOTk5OjEzNTU2MTU0N"

}

}[root@docker ~]# echo "Y2FvZGFuOTk5OjEzNTU2MTU0N"|base64 -d

[root@Centos7 ~]# cat ~/.docker/config.json #保存的登录信息

参数

--username|-u : 指定用户名

--password|-p : 指定密码

### **7).为镜像添加标签**

#镜像标签的构成

docker.io/library/redis:latest

docker.io : 镜像仓库的URL

library ：镜像仓库命名空间

redis : 镜像名称

latest : 镜像版本号

#打标签

#格式

docker tag [镜像ID] 镜像标签

#实例

[root@docker ~]# docker images ls

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

[root@docker ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

alpine latest d4ff818577bc 2 weeks ago 5.6MB

hello-world latest d1165f221234 4 months ago 13.3kB

alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB

[root@docker ~]# docker tag 965ea09ff2eb docker.io/caodan999/alpine:v3.10.3

[root@docker ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

alpine latest d4ff818577bc 2 weeks ago 5.6MB

hello-world latest d1165f221234 4 months ago 13.3kB

caodan999/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB

alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB

### **8).镜像上传（推送镜像）**

#格式

docker push [镜像标签]

注：要想上传镜像，首先得登录镜像仓库,其次设置对应镜像仓库的tag

#实例

[root@docker ~]# docker push docker.io/caodan999/alpine:v3.10.3

The push refers to repository [docker.io/caodan999/alpine]

77cae8ab23bf: Mounted from library/alpine

v3.10.3: digest: sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a size: 528

##可以改标签再次推送

[root@docker ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

alpine latest d4ff818577bc 2 weeks ago 5.6MB

hello-world latest d1165f221234 4 months ago 13.3kB

caodan999/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB

alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB

[root@docker ~]# docker tag 965ea09ff2eb caodan999/alpine:latest

[root@docker ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

alpine latest d4ff818577bc 2 weeks ago 5.6MB

hello-world latest d1165f221234 4 months ago 13.3kB

alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB

caodan999/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB

caodan999/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB

[root@docker ~]# docker push docker.io/caodan999/alpine:latest

The push refers to repository [docker.io/caodan999/alpine]

77cae8ab23bf: Layer already exists

latest: digest: sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a size: 528

### **9).镜像的删除**

#格式

docker rmi [镜像名称或者镜像ID]

#实例

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi nginx

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi nginx mysql redis #删除多个镜像

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像

#参数

-f : 强制删除

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi -f nginx

Untagged: nginx:latest

Untagged: nginx@sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa

注：当有容器正在使用镜像时，强制删除镜像，只能删除镜像的所有tag及名字, 不会删除镜像。

#去我的仓库拉取镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker pull caodan999/alpine

### **10).清空镜像**

将当前系统中所有的没被使用到的镜像删除

#格式

docker image prune

#实例

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker image prune

WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.

Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y

Total reclaimed space: 0B

#参数

-a : 删除所有未被使用到的镜像

-f : 强制删除

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker image prune -a

WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them.

Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y

Deleted Images:

untagged: redis:latest

untagged: redis@sha256:0f97c1c9daf5b69b93390ccbe8d3e2971617ec4... ...

### **11).查看镜像历史（镜像的构建历史）**

#格式

docker history [镜像ID或镜像名称]

#实例

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker history redis

IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT

7731472c3f2a 2 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh"] 0B

<missing> 2 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:edbe213ae0c825a5b… 5.61MB

### **12).构建镜像、保存镜像（commit）**

直接将容器保存为镜像

#格式

docker commit [容器ID|容器名称]

docker commit -m="提交的描述信息" -a="作者" [容器ID] 目标镜像名：[TAG]

#实例

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker commit -a "Alvin" -m "这是一个docker镜像" -p be3b92e2886b test:v1

sha256:4a06cd2af42877b5e2908073061f7ae1bf9e308a470bdfc0c6f906ef368aaed8

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEtest v1 4a06cd2af428 5 seconds ago 104MB

#参数

-a:作者信息

-m:提交信息

-p:提交时，暂停容器运行

#案例

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name alpine\_sleep docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:latest /bin/sleep 300s

c3d1aa7a1bc2df47f47621f16e420883b334ef8e242349f1f734ad9cb4533968

[root@alice ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

c3d1aa7a1bc2 mmdghh/alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 300s" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds alpine\_sleep

[root@alice ~]# docker exec -it c3d1aa7a1bc2 /bin/sh

/ # ls

bin dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var

/ # echo "hello world" >1.txt

/ # ls

1.txt bin dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var

/ # [root@alice ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

c3d1aa7a1bc2 mmdghh/alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 300s" 45 seconds ago Up 44 seconds alpine\_sleep

[root@alice ~]# docker run -it docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:latest /bin/sh

/ # ls

bin dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var

/ #

写入到容器的文件并不会保存在镜像里

-p 保存到执行命令这一时刻的内容 之后更新的不会报错

[root@alice ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

c3d1aa7a1bc2 mmdghh/alpine:latest "/bin/sleep 300s" 5 minutes ago Up 4 minutes alpine\_sleep

[root@alice ~]# docker commit -p alpine\_sleep docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:v\_1.txt

sha256:11be5214792460b1e258a6d6e7dbca5dccfddce0d438c0ad9b04d78b147006e0

[root@alice ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

mmdghh/alpine v\_1.txt 11be52147924 8 seconds ago 5.55MB

alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB

hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 12 months ago 13.3kB

mmdghh/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 14 months ago 5.55MB

[root@alice ~]# docker run -it docker.io/mmdghh/alpine:v\_1.txt /bin/sh

/ # ls

1.txt bin dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var

/ # cat 1.txt

hello world

### **13).保存镜像（import/export）**

保存正在运行的容器为镜像压缩包

**export: 将容器导出为镜像**

#格式

docker export [容器的ID] > [包名称]# 实例

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker export be3b92e2886b > redis.tar #保存镜像（打包）

或者[root@docker ~]# docker export -o redis.tar be3b92e2886b

[root@Centos7 ~]# ll | grep redis

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 104178688 Mar 18 17:30 redis.tar

[root@Centos7 ~]# gzip redis #给镜像压缩

**导入镜像包（import）**

#格式

docker import [包名称] [自定义镜像名称]

# 实例

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker import redis.tar test:v3

sha256:7776db3402fb8d59f6121a3b1977b5e7016f4064cf59218fd1b06637cb0fca87

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

test v3 7776db3402fb 6 seconds ago 101MB

### **14).将镜像导出为镜像（save/load）**

保存镜像为压缩包

**保存镜像（save）的格式**：

docker save [镜像名称|镜像ID] > [包名称]

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker save 7731472c3f2a > apline.tar

或者[root@docker ~]# docker save -o apline.tar 7731472c3f2a

[root@Centos7 ~]# ll

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:36 apline.tar

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker save -o apline-two.tar 7731472c3f2a

[root@Centos7 ~]# ll

total 148692

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:36 apline.tar

-rw-------. 1 root root 5888000 Mar 18 17:37 apline-two.tar

[root@localhost ~]# docker load < nginx-save.tar #下面是导入镜像的格式

### **15).**导入镜像（load**的格式：**

docker load < [包名称]

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker load < apline.tar

c04d1437198b: Loading layer [========================================>] 5.88MB/5.88MB

Loaded image ID: sha256:7731472c3f2a25edbb9c085c78f42ec71259f2b83485aa60648276d408865839

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

<none> <none> 7731472c3f2a 2 months ago 5.61MB

##### **注：save/load保存镜像无法自定义镜像名称，save保存镜像时如果使用ID保存则load导入镜像无名称，使用名称导入时才有名称。**

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

busybox latest b97242f89c8a 2 months ago 1.23MB

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker save busybox:latest > busybox.tar

[root@Centos7 ~]# ll

total 150120

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1459200 Mar 18 17:43 busybox.tar

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker rmi b97242f89c8a

Untagged: busybox:latest

Untagged: busybox@sha256:c5439d7db88ab5423999530349d327b04279ad3161d7596d2126dfb5b02bfd1f

Deleted: sha256:b97242f89c8a29d13aea12843a08441a4bbfc33528f55b60366c1d8f6923d0d4

Deleted: sha256:0064d0478d0060343cb2888ff3e91e718f0bffe9994162e8a4b310adb2a5ff74

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker load < busybox.tar

0064d0478d00: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.45MB/1.45MB

Loaded image: busybox:latest

[root@Centos7 ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

busybox latest b97242f89c8a 2 months ago 1.23MB

### **16).保存镜像三种方式的区别**

# 1.export保存的镜像体积要小于save(save保存更完全，export保存会丢掉一些不必要的数据)# 2.export可以重命名镜像名称而save则不行# 3.save可以同时保存多个镜像而export则不行

#4、两种保存镜像的区别

1、dockers export 保存的镜像的体积小于docker save

2、docker save是完全保存，而docker export是仅仅保存镜像

3、docker load不能够自定义镜像名称，docker impprt 可以

4、docker import未保存镜像默认的启动命令，docker load保存了

5、docker save一般情况下，使用的场景是项目迁移，docker export一般情况下是作为基础镜像

### **17).显示docker的版本信息**

[root@docker ~]# docker version

Client: Docker Engine - Community

Version: 20.10.3

API version: 1.41

Go version: go1.13.15

Git commit: 48d30b5

Built: Fri Jan 29 14:34:14 2021

OS/Arch: linux/amd64

... ... ...

### **18).显示docker的系统信息（包括镜像和容器的数量）**

[root@docker ~]# docker info

Client:

Context: default

Debug Mode: false

Plugins:

app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)

buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)

... ... ...

### **19).万能帮助命令**

[root@docker ~]# docker --help

Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:

--config string Location of client config files (default

"/root/.docker")

-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the

daemon (overrides DOCKER\_HOST env var and default

context set with "docker context use")

-D, --debug Enable debug mode

-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to

-l, --log-level string Set the logging leve

..........